ABSTRACT
Objetivo: describir la percepción de los padres sobre la ingesta de flúor a través del cepillado dental en los niños residentes en la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias, Colombia. Métodos: el universo del estudio lo constituyeron todos los padres residentes en la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias, con hijos en edades entre uno y cinco años. La muestra estuvo integrada por 420 individuos. Se utilizó un cuestionario estructurado, diligenciado por los participantes, con el cual se midieron tópicos relacionados con el uso de las cremas dentales a través del cepillado. Además se tuvieron en cuenta la edad, el género y el estrato socioeconómico. Los datos fueron analizados a través de pruebas de frecuencia; se asumieron intervalos de confianza al 95 por ciento. Para encontrar significación estadística se utilizó la prueba de X². Resultados: el 88,0 por ciento de los padres encuestados refiere usar el cepillado con crema dental. La edad promedio de cepillado es de 2,3 años (DE= 1,6). El 46 por ciento se cepilla dos veces al día; el tipo de crema dental más usada es la de adultos. La mayoría de los encuestados afirma que los niños han ingerido la pasta durante el cepillado. Con respecto al análisis bivariado, se encontraron diferencias entre el cepillado con crema dental y la edad (p= 0,0001), y con el estrato (p= 0,04). Además, el tipo de crema dental con la edad, (p= 0,0001) y la cantidad de pasta utilizada con la edad (p= 0,0001) y el estrato (p= 0,01). Conclusión: se perciben hábitos poco favorables, asociados al cepillado con pasta dental, los cuales pueden ser responsables de la ingestión de cantidades de flúor consideradas nocivas para la salud(AU)
Objective: To describe the parents perception on the fluoride ingestion with the use of dental brushing in the children residents in the city of Cartagena de Indias. Methods: Study universe included al parents residents in the city above mentioned whose children were aged 1-5. Sample included 420 subjects. A structural questionnaire was used headed by the participants allowing measurement of clichés related to the use of toothpastes ans brushes. Also, the gender and the socioeconomic status were took into account. Data were analyzed by frequency tests with 95 percent CI. For statistical significance we used the X2. Results: The 88 percent of parents polled refers on the use of toothpaste brushing. Mean age of brushing is of 2.3 years (SD= 1.6). The 46 percent use toothbrush twice a day, the more used toothpaste is that of adult persons. Most of polled confirms that children has ingested the toothpaste during brushing. Regarding the bivariant analysis there were differences between he brushing with toothpaste and the age (p= 0.0001) and with stratus (p= 0.04). Also, the type of toothpaste with age (p= 0.0001) and the quantity of toothpaste used according to age (p= 0.0001) and the stratum (p= 0.01). Conclusions: On note not much favourable associated with toothpaste brushing, which may account for ingestion of significant amounts of fluoride harmful for health(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Toothbrushing/methods , Toothpastes/administration & dosage , Fluoride Poisoning/etiology , Dental Health Surveys/methodsABSTRACT
An experimental study was undertaken to observe effects of fluoride ingestion on lung tissue. The study was conducted on 15 albino rabbits of either sex and experimental fluorosis was induced by daily oral administration of sodium fluoride (NaF) solution. Rabbits were divided into three groups according to the quantity of fluoride ingestion: Group A: rabbits fed with 10 mg/kg/day NaF, Group B: 20 mg/kg/day NaF; and Group C: controls. After six months, the rabbits were sacrificed and their lung tissue was submitted for histopathological examination and fluoride content estimation. On gross examination, pale areas on the surface and dark brown congested areas on cut-section of lungs were seen in rabbits of groups A and B. Histopathological changes of alveolar haemorrhage, congestion, edema fluid, necrosis of alveolar epithelium, distortion of alveolar architecture and desquamation of epithelium of respiratory tract with damage to tracheal cartilage were observed in these groups. These changes were more marked in group B rabbits. Fluoride content of lung tissue homogenate was significantly higher in groups A and B (mean 1.206 ppm and 1.978 ppm respectively) as compared to control (0.1585 ppm). It was concluded that prolonged fluoride ingestion damages pulmonary tissues of rabbits. To the best of our knowledge, effect of chronic fluoride ingestion on lungs has not been reported in the literature, therefore, we had undertaken this study to analyse the effect of chronic fluoride ingestion on lungs.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Fluoride Poisoning/etiology , Humans , Lung/pathology , Lung Diseases/chemically induced , Male , RabbitsABSTRACT
O autor apresenta o processo toxicológico em relaçäo ao fluoreto, classificando-o e cita dados que marcam os possíveis limites de intoxicaçäo crônica e aguda, bem como refere os tipos de tratamento e cuidados para cada caso